The aim of this conference is to bring specific attention to the biological and psychological consequences of severe distress and pain that are commonplace in pediatric medicine and to improve the quality of care that young children birth to five receive throughout the health care system.

The interdisciplinary focus of the conference is unique, with distinguished contributors from epidemiology, neuroscience, medicine, nursing, psychiatry, and psychology who will address key questions, identify barriers to change, and illuminate opportunities for research.